it's Pi DAY!!!! - Cynthia Kilgore p.1

It's that day again it's finally pi day, it's hard to come up with a way to describe how important this equation is to us today. As the famous John Evans once said “What do you get if you divide the circumference of a jack-o'-lantern by its diameter? Pumpkin π haha pi as we know it with the symbol π has only been used for a whopping 250 years...pi has much to do with circle's, the circumference of a circle can never truly be known because pi is a serious of numbers that going on almost randomly practically forever. Pi is known as  π (piwas) which is the 16th letter in the greek alphabet where p is the 16th letter in our alphabet. The first 144 digits of pi adds up to 666!!! this is known as the devils number, people like me are very fond of this analogy because math is not my strongest subject. Although today is not really pi day the official pi day started at  1:59 p.m., to because 3.14159 when combined with 3/14 makes this number. Albert Einstein's birthday is also on this important day (3/14/1879) in Ulm Wurttemberg, Germany. That's all i can say about pi today but i'm sure many fun facts will be learned in the future.

The Elegant Universe- Brian Greene

This Novel was very fascinating to me and left me with alot of opportunity to consider what is possible with physics. It talks a great deal about general relativity and quantum mechanics. Einstein attempts to talk about how light and escribe it in an understandable manner,  "should be conceived of as a packet, or stream, of light particles" he said.Eistein even ventured to say that there were wavelike features in photons, this was in a way corect because there is evidence of wavelike features but are also particle like. Sometimes the two must be combined in order for answers quantum mechanics as well as general relativity. The auther then moves into the subject of strings and how they work as well as why they are usefull. Superstring theory is what it was called, it was said to explain the most simple objects of matter. A new revolution occurred when in  1984 Schwarz and Michael Green made a statement saying that the string theory was capable of explaining all four forces and all matter. This changed the rules of the physics game, this is marked as the first quantum theory taht also included gravitational force. Supersymmetry- theories that unite the four forces of nature with the elementary constituents of the universe, this was a way of describing the theory in a more down to earth way.  In 1925 a new discovery was made by Dutch physicists George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmi, the two proved together that When the earth spins on it's axis the electrons actuallly revolve and they also rotate twirling at a fixed rate forever.  Another discovery was made in 1971 by Pierre Ramond he was brave enough to successfully modify the equations of bosonic string theory in order to take patterns that were in this case  "half-integer vibrational " and take them into account. While all of this was happening it was still said that supersymmetrical theory was to be used to combine gravity with the 3 other main forces. Soon there was a new theory called M theory which was discovered to have more than one vibrational string, it also contains two dimensional membranes. In  1995 Witten came up with the next great superstring theory when he introduced duality which authorizes the perturbation theory (approximations made to guess the answer) and opens it up to many series of problems. One of the main points that was made in this book was that In a large black hole string theory is the only thing that can locate the disorder in the high entropy. The theories that were already in play which are general relativity and quantum mechanics do not explain ultramicroscopic particles and enormous mass to a satisfactory level. It is thought of that there might be an exsistence of a multiuniverse, this is something we are waiting on string theory to lead us to the answer of. As the overall point, string theory cannot be proven and probably never will be. It is a very fortunate discovery made by physicists in order to try to explain basically everything. Quantum mechanics and general relativity may never been in sync, but there is always the possibility. One of the qutes in this book that stood out toward the end were all of the unanswered questions summed up... "are there limits to what science can explain? Can we ever know everything about our universe? Will we ever really be done"? this is what is said by the author in order to leave you to linger with all of the thoughts that he could not make concrete at this time.

The Elegant Universe, Cynthia Kligore

The author begins by talking about foundational pillars and how they are so different. He goes far enough to say they are not compatible, General relativity and quantum physics are also discussed in this chapter. General relativity and quantum physics can be mixed in order to form the string theory which describes the smallest matter in the Universe. The chapter discusses how Albert Einstein changed the view on space and time being static concepts after Newton had supported the idea. Space and Time play a larger part than expected. Einstein also came up with the theory of relativity which which soon was found not compatible with the quantum physics view. The greeks came up with the idea that atoms were the smallest units of matter,it was soon proven that they consisted of protons neutrons and electrons.The first chapter is mostly focusing on gravity and giving depth to it. 
                  The second chapter Maxwell and Einstein have their own opinion. Maxwell defines light as well as motion, einstein found how things that were relative to eachother move to outsiders. The chapter further explains the formulas Einstein came up with and the proper use. He also came to the conclusion that space and time interacted they were not completely seperate. The most interesting thing to me from this chapter is that the speed of light travels at 670 million miles per hour!
                Chapter 3 discusses the ideas of space and time, but mostly focuses on ( warps and ripples) Newton's theory of gravity was competing against Einsteins theory of nothing being able to outrun light. Newton liked to refer to gravity as the great equalizer The chapter moves on to discuss Karl Schwarzchold and how he came up with the idea of black holes as he studied Einsteins theories. George Bernhard Riemann went far enough to say that the universe was getting even larger. General relativity was greatly discussed throughout the text and confronts the fact that it is still not compatible with quantum physics.